Planeamento de uma mobilidade urbana sustentável e eficiente: metodologia para avaliar a descarbonização do setor

No âmbito da aplicação dos fundos europeus estruturais e de investimento no período de programação 2014-2020 torna-se necessário, na temática da mobilidade, dar cumprimento ao seguinte Objetivo Temático ?Apoiar a transição para uma economia de baixo teor de carbono em todos os sectores?, que estabelece, entre outras, a Prioridade de Investimento 4.5, que visa a promoção de estratégias de baixo teor de carbono para todos os tipos de territórios, nomeadamente as zonas urbanas, incluindo a promoção da mobilidade urbana multimodal sustentável e eficiente. Da análise da metodologia existente para quantificar o volume de emissões do setor dos transportes utilizado pela Direção Geral de Energia e Geologia é possível concluir que a determinação desses valores não permite definir estratégias que visem a redução das emissões neste setor. Deste modo, a metodologia desenvolvida permitirá estimar o valor correspondente a um número de viagens de transporte motorizados para um determinado volume de emissões de GEE (tonCO2) e assim definir o quadro da repartição modal mais eficiente para os padrões de mobilidade urbana a atingir por um, ou vários, municípios de uma região. Assim, neste artigo será apresentada uma metodologia que vise estimar a diminuição do número de viagens em transporte individual, que possam ser transferidas para modos de transporte mais eficientes e menos poluentes, como o autocarro e os modos ativos, de modo a que se possa atingir o valor meta de CO2 para 2023.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sustainable mobility in a mid-sized city : a multimodal approach

Transportation systems of mid-sized cities play an important role in guaranteeing a sustainable development of the surrounding areas. Sustainable principles applied to the study of urban mobility involve the consideration of all different travel modes, as well as the territory where all modes interact and establish points of connection. Consequently, a multimodal approach is necessary, especially to encourage a more effective and sustainable use of the system and to promote greener modes of transport, like pedestrians and cyclists, or other less pollutant modes. The paper presents a case study on the city of Viana do Castelo, which is located in the North of Portugal with approximately 37000 inhabitants in 33.6 square kilometres. It is considered a mid-sized city with a large number of different transport modes, namely trains, buses, ferryboats, cyclists and pedestrians, which provide an opportunity to develop and apply a multimodal approach towards a more sustainable city environment

The role of public transport in the achievement of urban sustainable mobility in mid-sized cities

Mid-sized cities or villages often have important issues associated with the relation between demand and supply of transport, due to its own spatial dimension and also due to the territory sprawl derived from years of deficient land use planning. Traditionally, public transport was mainly designed to cover and serve the entire municipality, giving a rural character to this service. Presently, some of these cities are sufficiently large to support the adoption of an urban public transport. The main question is how to create a public transport service in mid-sized cities integrated with the existing transport and parking system, so that more sustainable patterns of mobility can be achieved. For this purpose, a case study will be presented regarding the creation and planning of an urban public transport service for the city of Barcelos, located in Northern Portugal

Planeamento de itinerários para modos suaves de transporte : rotas saudáveis

A aplicação dos princípios da sustentabilidade à mobilidade urbana implica a adopção de um conjunto de políticas e medidas que fomentem a utilização de modos de transporte menos poluentes, mais económicos e equitativos, ou seja, mais sustentáveis, que se traduzem no modo pedonal e ciclável, vulgo modos suaves de transporte. Neste trabalho é apresentada e descrita a metodologia subjacente ao conceito de geração de rotas saudáveis, que integra a contaminação dos eixos de circulação dos modos suaves de acordo com os níveis de poluição sonora e atmosférica do meio urbano em que estão inseridos, com o objectivo de reduzir o nível de exposição e risco de desenvolverem doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares. Pretende-se, com estas rotas saudáveis, captar e fomentar a utilização dos modos suaves para realização da maioria das deslocações em meio urbano.The application of sustainable principles on the definition of policies and actions on urban mobility relies on the promotion of less pollutant, economic, and more equitable modes of transport, such as walking and cycling, also known as smooth modes of transport. In this paper, a methodology is presented and described under the concept of healthy route generation. This integrates the contamination of the smooth modes of transport network, according to the noise levels and air pollution indices of the urban environment in which it is located, with the main objective of reducing the exposure level and the risk of development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Healthy routes can be applied to attract and promote the use of smooth modes of transport in a regular basis in urban environments

Electric mobility in Portugal: the beginning

This paper aims to address the main questions related with electric mobility in Portugal. For this, the four principal strategic areas of the electric mobility program in Portugal will be presented, such as the business model, infrastructure, incentives and communication. On the other hand, the current legislation will be succinctly described, as well as the priorities defined in the Program for Electric Mobility. The different phases of implementation of this Program will be identified, with particular emphasis to the measures and incentives in the pilot-phase to promote the use of the electric vehicle. Lastly, the adopted Model for Electric Mobility will be presented in terms of the main components of the model, value chain, actors, charging network and operation of the pilot-phase

The influence of air pollution in the selection of healthy routes forwalking and cycling

In this paper, a model for generation of alternative routes for walking and cycling will be presented, taking into account the impact of environmental noise and air pollution in urban areas. The main objective resides in the reduction of the exposure level and risk of development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Depending on the type of optimization criteria, the output of the model could be the least noisy, the least air-polluted or the healthiest route. The formulation of the model to generate healthy routes is initiated with the generation of pollution maps, followed by the contamination of the walking and cycling network and finally outputs the generated different types of healthy routes. An application of the overall model will be presented in a case study example developed for a central area of the city of Braga, in northern Portugal, with special focus on the influence of air pollution in the selection of healthy routes in urban environments

Sustainable mobility in urban areas of midisized municipalities.

Publicado em "Recent Advances in Engineering Mechanics, Structures and Urban Planning" (ISBN : 978-1-61804-165-4) ; Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering Series, 8 (ISSN : 2227-4588)Conventionally, midsized cities in Portugal, as well as in other European countries, are characterized by higher densities of population and households in relation to its surroundings, mainly at the municipality level. On the other hand, the city itself is concentrated in a small urban agglomerate where most of the health, educational, financial and administrative facilities are located, resulting in major traffic generators and central active points of a regional coverage. Land use and mobility planning represents a key issue to achieve a more sustainable urban transportation system. For that, sustainable mobility plans can be considered the first tool towards action. These plans can be formally divided in three phases: the diagnosis of the current situation, the definition of the objectives and concept of intervention in terms of mobility, and the development of proposals for intervention. In order to describe the planning process framework, several proposals were developed in municipal sustainable mobility plans for four different types of urban agglomerates of midsized cities in Northern Portugal, namely in the town of Póvoa de Lanhoso

Public transport decarbonization via urban bus fleet replacement in Portugal

The transport sector accounts for around one-quarter of the GHG emissions in Europe, and, in Portugal, it represents almost one-third of the total emissions to the atmosphere. Unfortunately, these emissions have increased in recent years. Hence, cities and countries need plans to decarbonize their public transport fleets, and, more specifically, to replace fossil-fueled buses with electric buses that produce zero CO2 emissions. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to present a method to decarbonize the bus fleet in Portugal by a scheduled replacement of the current fleet, which is fueled by fossil fuels, with a completely electric fleet, in fourteen years. The study shows that it is possible to replace all Portuguese urban bus fleets with electric vehicles considering that all vehicles will be replaced when reaching the age of 14 years. Replacing the urban bus fleet with zero-emission buses would aid policymakers and bus companies to reduce the GHGs, and therefore contribute to fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, namely, Goal 13—take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.This research was funded by Fundação Mestre Casais (FMC-E#1-2021)

Towards zero co2 emissions from public transport: the pathway to the decarbonization of the portuguese urban bus fleet

The emission of GHG has been steadily increasing in the last few decades, largely facilitated by the transport sector, which has been responsible for more than two-thirds of the manmade emissions in Europe. In cities, one of the possible solutions to decrease the emissions from fossil fuel engines is to replace vehicles with electric ones. This solution can be applied to the urban public fleet, namely by replacing urban buses with electric vehicles. Thus, this research work focuses on the Portuguese case study, which serves as an example of achieving zero CO2 emissions from buses by 2034. This timeframe of replacing the current bus fleet, mostly powered by fossil fuels, with a fully electric fleet is proven to bring financial, environmental, and health benefits to the population. The pathway to the decarbonization of urban public transport will unequivocally contribute directly to the accomplishment of several UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as the promotion of affordable and clean energy and sustainable cities and communities, as well as to the increasing climate action (SDGs 7, 11, and 13, respectively). In addition, it will provide an opportunity for the replacement of existing buses that are generally less efficient than electric buses, from both an energy and an environmental point of view. As a result of the methodology, the Portuguese urban bus fleet would be totally replaced by electric buses by 2034 (83% battery-electric and 17% hydrogen-electric), which results in zero CO2 emission from this type of public transport.This research was funded by Fundação Mestre Casais

Análise de intervisibilidade um caso de estudo em Valença, Portugal

As questões ligadas ao estudo da visibilidade de cenários naturais ou artificiais são consideradas de grande importância na elaboração e implantação de projectos, pois permitem a avaliação das alterações nos aspectos visuais do território através de simulações de cenários e da visualização tridimensional. O presente trabalho apresenta um arcabouço teórico básico referente à análise de intervisibilidade, através de revisão bibliográfica, e mostra um caso da aplicação prática dessa análise para o estudo da visibilidade de alguns elementos da paisagem do Concelho de Valença, Portugal. Os resultados são apresentados através de mapas de visibilidade para diferentes raios de alcance e alturas de visibilidade e mostram uma avaliação geral da visibilidade em Valença